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"Halfway through 2023, China has exported over 2.5 million cars, a 42.4 percent increase over last year. Electric vehicles (EVs) account for nearly 40 percent of these exports, according to Chinese customs data. Notably, a third of China’s auto exports were shipped to other Asian countries, especially developing nations to China’s south." https://thediplomat.com/2023/08/chinas-ev-export-boom-is-bringing-southeast-asia-into-beijings-orbit/
"This is significant because for decades Southeast Asian nations have supplied China with the material inputs critical to Beijing’s world-class EV production today. Now they are becoming some of China’s top customers for the finished product.
Growing automobile trade with Southeast Asia has all the makings of a “circular” economy that will deepen regional integration and serve to bring these fast-growing nations more closely into China’s orbit."
I doubt these nations will accept much CCP diktat.
Xi Jinping is certainly not making friends with his hubris.
Nothing new.
Reminds me of MacArtney Embassy
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macartney_Embassy
The kowtow issue.
However, as a diplomat, he had decided that whatever ceremony he participated in must present the two monarchs as equals, and thus he would only show Qianlong the same level of respect he would show his own king (he saw the Kowtow as too excessive).
@antipode77 Good point, one can find increasing amounts of hubris and exceptionalism in Chinese discourse. Is the comparison with 1793 apt ? For one, the Chinese economy back than was much less globally integrated and no global supply/production chains etc. For another: today its not about "kowtow" or tributary system and rather about more economic coordination and regulatory/ trade, investment driven integration (e.g. with Southeast Asia).